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Vivid designator
In modal logic and the philosophy of language, a vivid designator is a term which is ''believed'' to designate the same thing in all possible worlds〔Quine, W.V.O., ''Quintessence: Reference and Modality'', 2004, pp. 356–357〕 and nothing else where such an object does not exist in a possible world. It is the analogue, in the sense of believing, of a rigid designator,〔D. Kaplan, ''Quantifying In'', 1969〕 which ''is'' (refers to) the same in all possible worlds, rather than is just ''believed'' to be so.
== Willard van Orman Quine ==
Willard Van Orman Quine refers to D. Kaplan, who in turn credits Montgomery Furth for the term vivid designator in his paper ''Reference and Modality''. He examines the separation between ''de re'' and ''de dicto'' statements and does away with ''de re'' statements, because de re statements can only work for words that are names and are used referentially.〔Andrea Bonomi, ''On Quine: Transparency and Specificity in Intentional Contexts, 1995, p. 183〕 Both rigid designators and vivid designators are similarly dependent on context and empty otherwise. The same is true of the whole quantified modal logic of necessity; for it collapses if essence is withdrawn.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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